Money, in its essence, transcends the mere concept of coins and paper notes; it becomes a profound language that speaks of value, trust, and societal structures. Like any language, it possesses intricate nuances and subtleties that require a discerning understanding.
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Read moreThe CRISPR-Cas9 system was first discovered in bacteria, where it served as a defense against invading viruses. Researchers soon realized they could reprogram this natural defense mechanism into a highly targeted genetic editing tool. The system consists of two key parts: the Cas9 enzyme-the molecular scissors-and a guide RNA (gRNA), which directs the scissors to a specific location in the genome, using a short DNA motif known as PAM to lock in. Once the DNA is cut, the cell repairs it either through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which is quick but often messy, or homology-directed repair (HDR), which is more accurate but less efficient. This dual-pathway repair system opened up possibilities in medicine, agriculture, and synthetic biology - but also raised concerns about control and safety. Dr Mengstie et.al emphasized that the CRISPR-Cas9 system effectively repurposes the cell's endogenous repair mechanisms, a process that inherently introduces an element of unpredictability due to the reliance on cellular pathways like NHEJ and HDR.
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